An efficiency of 25.3% with Voc of 0.718V was reported in a top and rear contacted solar cell using a homojunction P+ contact for the front side and a N+ thin oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) architecture for the rear side of n-type mono-crystalline Si substrate28. This cell, which is a hybrid of direct contact andpassivated contact, currently has the highest efficiency for a top and rear contacted Si solar cell.