Introduction
The results of the study carried out in recent years in many countries ^ indicate that about 87% of the time people spend ^ in public buildings? What big Coiled falls on time spçdzony in the workplace. One? ^ smokers factors may pose a threat dia health at workplaces s office ^ ^ ^ ce equipment secrete contaminated water spray into the air. Microorganisms which naturally occurs ^ s ^ in the air in wiçkszosci dia harmless man. In the event of the occurrence of an additional source of contamination, resulting ^ dual? the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the process water at the workplace, the risk of occurrence ^ sleep and respiratory infection but becomes greater (1.2).Accordingly high air humidity and prolonged exposure time employee of industrial plants for this type of threat is wi sic ^ Zac? many dysfunctions of respiratory conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, respiratory failure, diseases of the cardiovascular system, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, tuberculosis, allergic reactions, as well as sinusitis, conjunctivitis and acute viral infections of the upper respiratory tract (3). The threat to human health dia ^ can create not only the microorganisms but also their metabolites - endotoxins and mycotoxins, which bioaerozolach importance ^ ^ play a role, causing inflammatory reactions ^ c ^ c and contribute ourselves to the deterioration of lung function (3-6).
One? microorganisms, which can wystçpowac in bioaerosol and can pose serious risks to human health dia, p ^ bacteria? Legionella (7-9). Infection with these bacteria, the CPU via inhalation aerosol containing the micro-organisms of water, whose source p ^ colonized by aquatic plants of various types and destination (9,10). Susceptible s ^ ^ especially for non-transmission systems warmer water with a temperature of 20-40 ° C, the construction of which is conducive to stagnation of water and creating sic obrostów microbiological Internal outputs office space ^ Dzen and water systems (1,2,8,10-12). Image khniczny diseases in developing sic nastçpstwie tract infections, inhaled ^ ^ can take formç Legionnaires' disease pulmonary extend in the form of pneumonia, usually of ciçzkim mileage? The predominant symptoms from respiratory or so. Pontiac fever, which runs? ^ ^ elevated body temperature and diffuse miçsniowymi and articular pain (1,2).
? Due to the prevalence of colonization, water systems risk of infection relates to a large rectilinear population, including people exposed to inhalation of contaminated spray of water during the performance of work. Cases of infection with bacteria? Legionella among others in workers health care facilities and offices stornatolo - cal (13-16), handling and cooling systems kJimatyzacyjnych ^ smokers (17), employees waste water treatment (18) and engaged in the handling of all types of cleaning devices ^ smokers and cleaning in industry and food processing machinery (19-22). Used in factories mechanical processing device slides wash ^ ^ ce causing the formation of aerosol of water, which exposed s ^ workers in their operation and in the immediate vicinity, but there is no data on registered cases of Legionnaires' disease among them.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the type and czçstosci occurrence of ailments of the respiratory system. It was carried out on the basis of a survey, which objçto employees chosen bets mechanical processing of glass exposed to water spray. Wstçpnie rated ^ also the microbiological quality of air in workplaces and water taken? Water spray generating devices (a pilot study).
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A survey study Overall I'd objçto 131 employees in 9 factories mechanical processing of glass belonging to the enterprise of which has oddziaîy in different czçsciach Polish. The survey was carried out at the workplace. Responses were received from all the staff of the change in working on the study directly in the production, who expressed zgodç on wziçcie participate in the study. The survey included five groups of data:
1. Demographic data: age, sex, place of residence (urban / rural).
2. 2. Data on work and leisure:
- time working in the plant and in a certain position,
- the type of operations performed,
- the distance jobs from the source of water spray,
- interviews of your previous experience? uwzglçdnieniem exposure to:
- potentially harmful biological agents, chemical and physical
- use? Spray at work (at least 3 times a week)
- use? water recreation (at least 1 time per year: a swimming pool, a pool? hydromassage and others).
3. Data relating to those found in the past respiratory diseases, hospitalization? their reason and long lasting ailments, which included:
- sic cough lasting for at least 3 months of the sequence in the last 2 years
- permanent or recurrent ^ ^ ^ exertional dyspnoea, wystçpujaca. ^ systematically and felt no less frequently than every 4 weeks
- recurrent or prolonged pain in the chest
- wheezing.
4. The data relating to the acute symptoms of the respiratory system? accompanied by systemic symptoms or without them, which wystçpowaly of the sequence in the last year preceding the survey;Occurrence of symptoms LIABLE team legionelozie embolism and a fever of Pontiac, which was composed sic simultaneous Occurrence of fever, chills, aches miçsniowych and / or joint pain, headache,? accompanied by dyspnea, coughing and tightness in the chest.
5. Data on smoking relate ourselves to the age at commencement smoking, przeciçtnej number of cigarettes smoked per day, attempts to quit smoking and cigarette smoking breaks longer than one year. In the case of former smokers were also asked about the age at which smoking zaprzestaU.
In the course of the survey were measured distances job of aerosol sources of water. It constituted the base of varying the exposure of workers and allowed the wyodrçbnienie 2 treatment groups:
* persons employed in the direct bUskosci devices ^ Dzen produce ^ smokers water spray, which for becomes greater ^ Coiled working time remained at a distance of 20 m from that point,
* persons, whose post was sic at a distance of more than 20 meters from the source of aerosol.
Distance TC selected? ^ occurs due to sun off first? the above groups direct exposure to inhalation of water spray immediately after his release? ^ Dzen technological devices that do not wystçpowalo of employees across the group. He then assesses the demographic differences ^ ce occurs between the above groups associated ^ length and course of employment, differences relating to smoking and behaviors that may influence the risk of infection by bacteria? kind of Legionella, verifying their statistical significance ^ chi-square test.
In a further step czçstosci study compared the occurrence of acute and chronic dolegUwosci from the respiratory tract of workers of both the above groups? uwzglçdnieniem age, drinking, smoking cigarettes using logistic regression analizç and obUczaj ^ c adjusted odds ratios with 95 percent confidence interval.
Microbiological testing of air and water technology Water samples were collected simultaneously and entrusts points at workplaces, which was generated water spray. Samples of process water (1000 m) indicates the presence of bacteria? type of Legionella according to PN-EN ISO 11731-2: 2008 (23) and overall ^ for the number of microorganisms according to BS EN ISO 6222: 2004 (24).
Investigation of the microbiological contamination of air samples was carried out metodi ^ collision with cameras Micro Bio ( Air Sampler MB 1 plus, prod. De Ville, United Kingdom) and MAS- 100 (prod. Merck, Germany). The determination towards the total number of bacteria and the total number of molds and fungi. Objçtosc collected air samples ranged 100-300 1 día total number of bacteria, mold and fungi.
RESULTS
The survey objçto Overall an 131 workers aged 18-57 years (mean age: 32.1 years) employed directly in the production, including 113 mçzczyzn (86.3%) and 18kobiet (13.7%). Time employment of the respondents ranged from 3 miesiçcy to 15 years (average 4.4 years). In the group of cigarettes smoked a total of 68 patients (51.9%). Former smokers accounted for 25.2% of the respondents, while non-smokers - 22.9%. Altogether a group of people ever smokers smoke ^ I counted 101 people (71.1%). The number of cigarettes smoked was przeciçtnie 7.3 pack-years. ? showers sic located in work benefited at least 3 times a week 58 respondents (44.2%), and kajrielowy pool or water park was visited at least once a year for 69 patients (52.7%). Distance job of aerosol sources amounted to 1-200 m (average: 40.1).
Acute dolegUwosci on the part of the respiratory system in a body ^ in the year preceding the survey reported by 37 subjects (28.2%). Przewazaîy symptoms of rhinitis, upper respiratory tract - runny nose? ^ nasal obstruction, sore throat, cough, sometimes?accompanied by a heightened body temperature. None? These symptoms studied trwaîy no longer than 3 weeks. ? above a group of 7 people wystajrienie team reported symptoms that may be suspected Legionnaires' disease, including pulmonary form of the disease. At the same time the band suger sic Occurrence a heightened fever, cough, dyspnea, pain or tightness in the chest and spilled miçsniowych and joint pain. It should however be podkresUc that the above non-specific syndrome can not be the basis for the diagnosis of legionellosis, but at most indicate a possibility of such ^.None? the workers interviewed in the course of employment in these factories did not require hospital treatment? Because of dolegUwosci or respiratory diseases.
Occurrence dolegUwosci chronic respiratory had volunteered by 38 respondents (29%). Most often wystçpujaca ^ ^ dolegUwosci was a long-lasting cough, which reported 16% of respondents, of which 62.3% were cigarette smokers. It was reported less frequently recurrent exertional dyspnea (12.9%), wheezing (12
結果 (
日本語) 1:
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導入調査の結果は、多くの国で、近年実施 ^ 時間人々 の約 87% を過ごすことを示す ^ 公共の建物ですか?大きなコイル職場で時間 spçdzony に当たるもの。1 つの?^ 喫煙者要因は s のオフィス、職場 dia 衛生の脅威を引き起こす可能性があります ^ ^ ^ ce 機器が空気中に汚染された水のスプレーを分泌します。自然発生する微生物 ^ s ^ wiçkszosci dia 無害な男の空気で。追加のソース、汚染の発生結果 ^ デュアルか。職場、発生のリスク処理水中の病原性微生物の存在 ^ 睡眠や呼吸器感染症が大きく (1.2) になります。それに応じて高い空気湿度および産業工場の長期暴露時間従業員この種の脅威は wi sic ^ ザックですか?喘息、アレルギー性鼻炎、気管支炎、呼吸不全、心臓血管系の疾患、消化管、結核、アレルギー反応と同様、副鼻腔炎、結膜炎、(3) 上気道の急性ウイルス感染症の炎症など呼吸器疾患の多くの機能不全。Dia の人間の健康への脅威 ^ 微生物だけでなく、その代謝物 - また内毒素やマイコトキシン、どの bioaerozolach 重要性を作成することができます ^ ^ 炎症性反応を引き起こす役割を果たす ^ c ^ c (3-6) の肺機能の悪化に貢献し、。1 つの?微生物、バイオエアロゾルとすることができますすることができます wystçpowac p ダイヤ人間の健康に深刻なリスクをもたらす ^ 細菌ですか?レジオネラ (7-9)。CPU がソース p、水の微生物を含む吸入エアロゾルを介して、これらの細菌による感染症 ^ 水生植物のさまざまな種類と目的地 (9, 10) によって植民地化します。影響を受けやすい s ^ ^ 特に非伝送 20-40 ° C の温度で暖かい水、建設、水の停滞を助長し内部はオフィス スペースを出力 sic 微生物学的 obrostów を作成 ^ Dzen および水システム (1,2,8,10-12)。画像 khniczny 病気の開発に sic nastçpstwie 尿路感染症には、吸入 ^ ^ ciçzkim マイルの通常の肺炎の形で取る formç レジオネラ症肺を拡張できますか?呼吸器の症状が優勢です。ポンティアック熱は、実行されますか。^ ^ 高体温と拡散反射光の miçsniowymi と関節の痛み (1, 2)。?による植民地化の普及により、水系感染症のリスクは、仕事のパフォーマンスの間に水の汚染されたスプレーの吸入にさらされた人々 を含む大規模な直線的な人口に関連します。細菌による感染症の場合ですか。労働者保健医療施設やオフィス stornatolo - cal (13-16) で処理し、冷却システム kJimatyzacyjnych などレジオネラ ^ 喫煙者 (17) 従業員廃棄物浄水 (18) と洗浄装置のすべてのタイプの処理で従事している ^ 喫煙者と業界および食品加工機械 (19-22) での洗浄します。デバイスのスライド洗浄処理機械工場で使用される ^ ^ ce 公開 s 水のエアロゾルの形成を引き起こし ^ 労働者の運用では、すぐ近くにその中でレジオネラ症の登録例のデータはありませんが。本研究の目的は、呼吸器系の病気の種類と czçstosci の発生を分析することだった。それは objçto 従業員選択されたベット スプレーの水にさらされているガラスの機械加工、調査に基づいて行われました。評価 Wstçpnie ^ 職場と水で空気の微生物学的品質もか。水スプレー装置 (予備的研究) を生成します。材料と方法:調査は、全体的な objçto に属するガラスの機械的処理 9 工場で 131 の従業員をしていたある企業は、異なる czçsciach ポーランド語 oddziaîy を研究します。職場で調査を行った。Wziçcie の zgodç を表現した生産に直接調査に取り組んでの変化のスタッフが研究に参加すべてから回答をいただきました。調査には、5 つのグループ データにはが含まれています。1. 人口統計データ: 年齢, 性別, 居住地 (都市部/地方)。2. 2。仕事と余暇に関するデータ:-植物および特定の位置の作業時間-、実行操作の種類-水噴霧のソースからの距離ジョブ-あなたの前の経験のインタビューか。uwzglçdnieniem への露出:-有害生物剤、化学的・物理的-使用ですか?仕事 (週 3 回) でスプレーします。-使用ですか?水のレクリエーション (1 年ごとの少なくとも 1 時間: スイミング プール、プールか? ハイドロ マッサージなど)。3. 過去の呼吸器疾患、入院で見つけられるそれらに関連するデータですか。その理由と長期的な病気の場合は、含まれている:-シーケンスの最後の 2 年間で少なくとも 3 ヶ月間持続する咳嗽を sic-永続的または再発 ^ ^ ^ 労作時呼吸困難、wystçpujaca。^ 組織的度ごとに 4 週間以上を感じた-胸の痛みを再発する、または長期間-喘鳴します。4. 呼吸器系の急性症状に関連するデータですか。昨年調査の前のシーケンスのどの wystçpowaly; 症状責任を負うチーム legionelozie 塞栓の発生とで構成されていたポンティアック熱は sic の発熱、悪寒、痛みの miçsniowych および/または関節の痛み、頭痛、同時発生伴う全身症状をしたりせず、か。呼吸困難、咳、胸部圧迫感を伴います。5. 喫煙に関するデータは、przeciçtnej 数一日あたりの喫煙タバコの喫煙開始の年齢に関連して自分自身、喫煙と喫煙休憩は 1 年以上を終了ましょう。元喫煙者の場合、禁煙 zaprzestaU で年齢について求められました。調査の過程で水のエアロゾル源の測定された距離、仕事をしました。それは労働者の露出を変化させのベースを構成し、2 の治療グループ、wyodrçbnienie を許可しました。* 直接 bUskosci デバイスで雇われる人 ^ Dzen 生産 ^ 喫煙者水スプレーのために大きくなる ^ コイル作業時間に残った、その時点から 20 メートルの距離で* 人がポストされたエアロゾルのソースから 20 メートル以上の距離で sic。Distance TC selected? ^ occurs due to sun off first? the above groups direct exposure to inhalation of water spray immediately after his release? ^ Dzen technological devices that do not wystçpowalo of employees across the group. He then assesses the demographic differences ^ ce occurs between the above groups associated ^ length and course of employment, differences relating to smoking and behaviors that may influence the risk of infection by bacteria? kind of Legionella, verifying their statistical significance ^ chi-square test.In a further step czçstosci study compared the occurrence of acute and chronic dolegUwosci from the respiratory tract of workers of both the above groups? uwzglçdnieniem age, drinking, smoking cigarettes using logistic regression analizç and obUczaj ^ c adjusted odds ratios with 95 percent confidence interval.Microbiological testing of air and water technology Water samples were collected simultaneously and entrusts points at workplaces, which was generated water spray. Samples of process water (1000 m) indicates the presence of bacteria? type of Legionella according to PN-EN ISO 11731-2: 2008 (23) and overall ^ for the number of microorganisms according to BS EN ISO 6222: 2004 (24).Investigation of the microbiological contamination of air samples was carried out metodi ^ collision with cameras Micro Bio ( Air Sampler MB 1 plus, prod. De Ville, United Kingdom) and MAS- 100 (prod. Merck, Germany). The determination towards the total number of bacteria and the total number of molds and fungi. Objçtosc collected air samples ranged 100-300 1 día total number of bacteria, mold and fungi. RESULTSThe survey objçto Overall an 131 workers aged 18-57 years (mean age: 32.1 years) employed directly in the production, including 113 mçzczyzn (86.3%) and 18kobiet (13.7%). Time employment of the respondents ranged from 3 miesiçcy to 15 years (average 4.4 years). In the group of cigarettes smoked a total of 68 patients (51.9%). Former smokers accounted for 25.2% of the respondents, while non-smokers - 22.9%. Altogether a group of people ever smokers smoke ^ I counted 101 people (71.1%). The number of cigarettes smoked was przeciçtnie 7.3 pack-years. ? showers sic located in work benefited at least 3 times a week 58 respondents (44.2%), and kajrielowy pool or water park was visited at least once a year for 69 patients (52.7%). Distance job of aerosol sources amounted to 1-200 m (average: 40.1). Acute dolegUwosci on the part of the respiratory system in a body ^ in the year preceding the survey reported by 37 subjects (28.2%). Przewazaîy symptoms of rhinitis, upper respiratory tract - runny nose? ^ nasal obstruction, sore throat, cough, sometimes?accompanied by a heightened body temperature. None? These symptoms studied trwaîy no longer than 3 weeks. ? above a group of 7 people wystajrienie team reported symptoms that may be suspected Legionnaires' disease, including pulmonary form of the disease. At the same time the band suger sic Occurrence a heightened fever, cough, dyspnea, pain or tightness in the chest and spilled miçsniowych and joint pain. It should however be podkresUc that the above non-specific syndrome can not be the basis for the diagnosis of legionellosis, but at most indicate a possibility of such ^.None? the workers interviewed in the course of employment in these factories did not require hospital treatment? Because of dolegUwosci or respiratory diseases.Occurrence dolegUwosci chronic respiratory had volunteered by 38 respondents (29%). Most often wystçpujaca ^ ^ dolegUwosci was a long-lasting cough, which reported 16% of respondents, of which 62.3% were cigarette smokers. It was reported less frequently recurrent exertional dyspnea (12.9%), wheezing (12
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